Graph coloring has been employed since the 1980s to efficiently compute sparse Jacobian and Hessian matrices using either finite differences or automatic differentiation. Several coloring problems ...

The study of graph colouring has long been a central topic in discrete mathematics, with a prominent focus on optimising the assignment of labels or colours to vertices such that adjacent vertices are ...

An amateur mathematician just partially solved a problem that has vexed mathematicians since 1950. 'Alien's language' problem that stumped mathematicians for decades may finally be close to a solution ...

In 1950 Edward Nelson, then a student at the University of Chicago, asked the kind of deceptively simple question that can give mathematicians fits for decades. Imagine, he said, a graph — a ...